/// LSU EE 7700-1 (Sp 2009), Graphics Processors
//
/// Homework 4
/// Due: Thursday, 12 March 2009
// E-mail this file (with solution).
// Note: Homework 5 will be due the following Monday.
/// Name:
// $Id:$ <- This is not your student ID, don't change this line!
/// Instructions
// If necessary, follow the class account setup instructions linked to
// the class procedures page,
// http://www.ece.lsu.edu/koppel/gp/proc.html
// For instructions on how to check out edit, compile, and debug, see
// the "Programming Homework Work Flow" entry on the procedures page,
// http://www.ece.lsu.edu/koppel/gp/proc.html.
//
// For those instructions you need to know that:
//
// This assignment is at SVN URI https://svn.ece.lsu.edu/svn/gp/hw/2009/hw4
//
// The assignment instructions are in file hw4.cc. (This file.)
// The OpenGL spec, needed for this assignment, is at
// http://www.ece.lsu.edu/koppel/gp/refs/glspec21.pdf
// The relevant sections are 2.7, 2.8, and 2.9. (Vertex specification,
// vertex arrays, and buffer objects.)
// For the solutions to the problems below edit this file, even if
// it makes more sense to edit others (namely, coord.h). If it seems
// that coord.h must be edited, contact me.
// The main code is in routine Tube::render().
/// Overview
// This file renders the undulating tube using glDrawElements,
// with coordinates, normals, and the index (element) array all on
// the CPU. In problem 1 move the index array to the gpu, in
// problem 2 move coordinates, normals to the gpu as well.
/// Keyboard Commands
//
// 'v' Switch location of vertex data used by glDrawElements.
// 0: Index, coordinates, and normals all on CPU.
// 1: [When problem 1 solved.] Index on GPU, coord & norm on CPU.
// 2: [When problem 2 solved.] Index, coord, & norm on GPU.
//
// 'p' Pause tube. When paused vertex information is not re-computed
// every frame.
/// Variables
// Selected program variables can be modified using the keyboard.
// Use "Tab" to cycle through the variable to be modified, the
// name of the variable is displayed next to "VAR" on the bottom
// line of green text.
// Use '+' (or '=') and '-' (or '_') to change the variable.
// (Search for 'variable_control.insert' to find examples of how to
// add your own variables.)
//
// VAR Light Intensity - The light intensity.
// VAR Pattern Levels - The number of rings of triangles (along the z axis).
//
/// Eye and Light Location
// Arrows, Page Up, Page Down
// Move either the light or the eye.
// After pressing 'l' the keys move the light, after pressing 'e'
// they move the eye (viewer location). The eye and light location
// coordinates are displayed in the upper left.
//
/// Eye Direction
// Home, End, Delete, Insert
// Turn the eye direction.
// Home should rotate eye direction up, End should rotate eye
// down, Delete should rotate eye left, Insert should rotate eye
// right. The eye direction vector is displayed in the upper left.
/// Problem 0
// Fill in your name in the comment near the top of this file, then
// build and run the program. It should display a tube similar to the
// one seen in class. Try out the keyboard commands described below
// and promptly resolve any problems, feel free to ask for help from
// Dr. Koppelman or others, especially on issues of missing libraries,
// and other setup problems.
// [ ] Name placed at top of this file.
// [ ] Code compiles and runs.
// [ ] Had fun moving through the tube.
/// Problem 1
// Modify the code below so that when opt_v_buffering == 1
// the glDrawElements command uses an element (index) array located on
// the gpu. The index array should only be updated when necessary.
// [ ] Have glDrawElements use a gpu-located element array.
// [ ] Increment num_bytes by the amount of data that should be transferred.
/// Problem 2
// Modify the code below so that when opt_v_buffering == 2
// the the index array, normal array, and coordinate array
// used by glDrawElements command are all on the gpu. The
// respective arrays should be moved to the gpu only when
// necessary. (For example, it is not necessary to move data
// to the gpu if it already has that data.) Note that the
// cpu code reads the same array (vertex_info) twice, once for
// coordinates and once for normals. It is okay to do the same
// for the gpu-located data.
// [ ] Have glDrawElements use gpu-located element, coor, and normal arrays.
// [ ] Increment num_bytes by the amount of data that should be transferred.
/// Problem 3
// Consider the difference between cpu-located information
// (opt_v_buffering == 0) and gpu-located information
// (opt_v_buffering==2). When answering the question below look at
// performance both in paused and unpaused mode, where performance
// includes GPU and CPU time and % utilization. Note that the
// transfer rate (MB/s) is something we estimate, while the GPU and
// CPU time and % utilization is something that is directly
// measured.
// Is the change in CPU usage more, less, or equal to what one might
// expect given the change in the transfer rate? Explain your
// answer.
// Is the change in GPU usage more, less, or equal to what one
// might expect from the change in transfer rate? Explain.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <deque>
#define GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES
#define GLX_GLXEXT_PROTOTYPES
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glext.h>
#include <GL/glx.h>
#include <GL/glxext.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
#include "util.h"
#include "coord.h"
// Display a tetrahedron, used to indicate light position.
//
void
insert_tetrahedron(pCoor& loc, float size)
{
pCoor v0(loc.x,loc.y,loc.z);
pCoor v1(loc.x,loc.y-size,loc.z+size);
pCoor v2(loc.x-.866*size,loc.y-size,loc.z-0.5*size);
pCoor v3(loc.x+.866*size,loc.y-size,loc.z-0.5*size);
static pColor c1(0xffffff);
static pColor c2(0xff00);
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
#define TRI(va,vb,vc) \
{ \
pVect n = cross(va,vb,vc); \
glNormal3fv(n); \
glColor3fv(c1); glVertex3fv(va); \
glColor3fv(c2); glVertex3fv(vb); \
glVertex3fv(vc); \
}
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
TRI(v0,v1,v2); TRI(v0,v2,v3); TRI(v0,v3,v1);
glEnd();
# undef TRI
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
}
// Class for re-using sine and cosine values.
//
class MTrig {
public:
MTrig():size(0),storage(NULL){}
void init(int sizep){
size = sizep;
if ( storage ) delete storage;
storage = new float[size];
idx = 0;
full = false;
}
float sin(float theta){ return trig(theta,::sin); }
float cos(float theta){ return trig(theta,::cos); }
private:
float trig(float theta,double (*func)(double))
{
// return func(theta);
if ( !full ) { storage[idx] = func(theta); full = idx == size - 1; }
if ( idx == size ) idx = 0;
return storage[idx++];
}
int size;
float* storage;
int idx;
bool full;
};
struct Vertex_Info {
pCoor pos;
pVect nor;
};
///
/// Tube Class
///
class Tube {
public:
Tube(pOpenGL_Helper &fb):ogl_helper(fb){ init(); }
static void render_w(void *moi){ ((Tube*)moi)->render(); }
void init();
void modelview_update();
void render();
private:
pOpenGL_Helper &ogl_helper;
pVariable_Control variable_control;
pFrame_Timer frame_timer;
pCoor eye_location;
pVect eye_direction;
pMatrix modelview;
bool opt_move_light;
bool opt_pause;
float r0;
float x_shift;
float pattern_pitch_z;
float opt_pattern_levels;
float opt_pattern_width;
float opt_light_intensity;
int opt_v_buffering;
pCoor opt_light_location;
double time_app_start;
Vertex_Info *vertex_info;
int *index_array;
int num_vtx_alloc;
int num_indices;
MTrig tarray;
};
void
Tube::init()
{
time_app_start = time_wall_fp();
// Tell frame timer that work unit is "MB/s" and how should be scaled.
//
frame_timer.work_unit_set("MB/s",1e-6);
r0 = 2; // Tube radius.
x_shift = 0.4; // Tube x offset.
pattern_pitch_z = 0.25; // Triangle size (z axis).
opt_pattern_levels = 100; // Tube depth (z direction.)
opt_pattern_width = 80; // Triangle size (circumferential).
opt_light_intensity = 2;
opt_v_buffering = 0;
opt_light_location.set(( r0 - 0.1 ), 0, -3 );
opt_pause = false;
eye_location.set(0,0,2.5);
eye_direction.set(0,0,-1);
modelview_update();
// Arrange that variables below can be modified from the keyboard.
//
variable_control.insert(opt_light_intensity,"Light Intensity");
variable_control.insert(opt_pattern_levels,"Pattern Levels");
vertex_info = NULL;
index_array = 0;
num_vtx_alloc = 0;
num_indices = 0;
}
void
Tube::modelview_update()
{
pMatrix_Translate center_eye(-eye_location);
pMatrix_Rotation rotate_eye(eye_direction,pVect(0,0,-1));
modelview = rotate_eye * center_eye;
}
void
Tube::render()
{
frame_timer.frame_start();
glClearColor(0,0,0.0,0.5);
glClearDepth(1.0);
glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );
// Have frame timer provide timing information for top of image.
//
ogl_helper.fbprintf("%s\n",frame_timer.frame_rate_text_get());
///
/// Transformation Matrix Setup
///
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadTransposeMatrixf(modelview);
const int win_width = ogl_helper.get_width();
const int win_height = ogl_helper.get_height();
const float aspect = float(win_width) / win_height;
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glFrustum(-0.8,+0.8,-0.8/aspect,0.8/aspect,1,5000);
glViewport(0, 0, win_width, win_height);
pError_Check();
///
/// Adjust options based on user input.
///
pVect adjustment(0,0,0);
pVect user_rot_axis(0,0,0);
switch ( ogl_helper.keyboard_key ) {
case FB_KEY_LEFT: adjustment.x = -0.1; break;
case FB_KEY_RIGHT: adjustment.x = 0.1; break;
case FB_KEY_UP: adjustment.z = -0.1; break;
case FB_KEY_DOWN: adjustment.z = 0.1; break;
case FB_KEY_PAGE_DOWN: adjustment.y = -0.1; break;
case FB_KEY_PAGE_UP: adjustment.y = 0.1; break;
case FB_KEY_DELETE: user_rot_axis.y = 1; break;
case FB_KEY_INSERT: user_rot_axis.y = -1; break;
case FB_KEY_HOME: user_rot_axis.x = 1; break;
case FB_KEY_END: user_rot_axis.x = -1; break;
case 'p': case 'P': opt_pause = !opt_pause; break;
case 'l': case 'L': opt_move_light = true; break;
case 'e': case 'E': opt_move_light = false; break;
case 'v': case 'V':
opt_v_buffering++;
if ( opt_v_buffering == 3 ) opt_v_buffering = 0;
break;
case 9: variable_control.switch_var_right(); break;
case '-':case '_': variable_control.adjust_lower(); break;
case '+':case '=': variable_control.adjust_higher(); break;
default: break;
}
// Update eye_direction based on keyboard command.
//
if ( user_rot_axis.x || user_rot_axis.y )
{
pMatrix_Rotation rotall(pVect(0,0,-1),eye_direction);
user_rot_axis *= rotall;
eye_direction *= pMatrix_Rotation(user_rot_axis, M_PI * 0.03);
modelview_update();
}
// Update eye_location based on keyboard command.
//
if ( adjustment.x || adjustment.y || adjustment.z )
{
const double angle =
fabs(eye_direction.y) > 0.99
? 0 : atan2(eye_direction.x,-eye_direction.z);
pMatrix_Rotation rotall(pVect(0,1,0),-angle);
adjustment *= rotall;
if ( opt_move_light ) opt_light_location += adjustment;
else eye_location += adjustment;
modelview_update();
}
//
// User Messages (Magically inserted into frame buffer.)
//
ogl_helper.fbprintf
("Eye location: [%.1f, %.1f, %.1f] "
"(%suse arrow and page keys to move).\n",
eye_location.x, eye_location.y, eye_location.z,
opt_move_light ? "press 'e' then " : "" );
ogl_helper.fbprintf
("Light location: [%.1f, %.1f, %.1f] "
"(%suse arrow and page keys to move).\n",
opt_light_location.x, opt_light_location.y, opt_light_location.z,
opt_move_light ? "" : "press 'l' then ");
ogl_helper.fbprintf
("Eye direction: [%.2f, %.2f, %.2f] "
"(use 'Home', 'End', 'Del', 'Insert' keys to turn).\n",
eye_direction.x, eye_direction.y, eye_direction.z);
glLightModeli(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_TWO_SIDE,0);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, opt_light_location);
const float light_intensity[4] =
{opt_light_intensity, opt_light_intensity, opt_light_intensity, 1.0};
const float light_off[4] = {0,0,0,0};
const float light_dim[4] = {0.1,0.1,0.1,1};
glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, &light_dim[0]);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, &light_intensity[0]);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, &light_off[0]);
glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_CONSTANT_ATTENUATION, 0);
glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_LINEAR_ATTENUATION, 1);
glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_QUADRATIC_ATTENUATION, 0.25);
glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glColorMaterial(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE);
glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);
const char* const v_buffering_str[] =
{ "Client Data & Indices", "Client Data, GPU Indices",
"GPU Data & Indices" };
ogl_helper.fbprintf
("Vertex specification: %s (v to change)\n",
v_buffering_str[opt_v_buffering]);
if ( opt_pause )
ogl_helper.fbprintf("** PAUSED ** (Press 'p' to unpause.)\n");
else
ogl_helper.fbprintf("Press 'p' to pause.\n");
pVariable_Control_Elt* const cvar = variable_control.current;
ogl_helper.fbprintf("VAR %s = %.3f\n",cvar->name,cvar->var[0]);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
// Insert marker (green tetrahedron) to show light location.
//
insert_tetrahedron(opt_light_location,0.05);
//
// Insert a tessellated tube in the vertex list.
//
float z = -1;
pColor color_purple(0x580da6); // LSU Spirit Purple
pColor color_gold(0xf9b237); // LSU Spirit Gold
//
// Get Tube Specifications
//
const float ampl = 0.2;
const int pattern_width = 3 * int( opt_pattern_width * 0.33333333 );
const int pattern_levels = int( opt_pattern_levels + 0.5 );
const int num_vtx = pattern_levels * pattern_width;
const double cycles_per_second = 0.2;
const double phase_n =
( time_wall_fp() - time_app_start ) * cycles_per_second;
const double phase = phase_n * 2.0 * M_PI;
const float wavelength_z = 4.8;
const float radians_per_z = 2.0 * M_PI / wavelength_z;
int num_bytes = 0;
glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);
glEnable(GL_RESCALE_NORMAL);
// If number of vertices has changed re-allocate our storage
// (coor_buffer, norm_buffer) and MTrig object and also remember
// that gpu's buffer needs to be updated.
if ( num_vtx_alloc != num_vtx )
{
if ( vertex_info )
{
delete vertex_info;
delete index_array; index_array = NULL;
}
vertex_info = new Vertex_Info[num_vtx];
tarray.init( pattern_width * 2 * 2 );
num_vtx_alloc = num_vtx;
}
// Outer Loop: z axis (down axis of tube).
//
if ( !opt_pause )
{
Vertex_Info *vip = vertex_info;
const float ep = 1.00001;
const float two_pi = 2 * M_PI;
const float delta_theta = ep * two_pi / pattern_width;
const float delta_theta_half = 0.5 * delta_theta;
for ( int i = 0; i < pattern_levels; i++ )
{
const float angle_z = phase + radians_per_z * z;
const float cos_z = cos(angle_z);
const float theta_0 = i & 1 ? delta_theta_half : 0;
const float r = r0 * ( 1 + ampl * sin( angle_z ) );
for ( float theta = theta_0; theta < two_pi;
theta += delta_theta )
{
const float cos_theta = tarray.cos(theta);
const float sin_theta = tarray.sin(theta);
Vertex_Info* const vi = vip++;
vi->pos = pCoor(x_shift + r * cos_theta, r * sin_theta, z);
vi->nor = pVect(-cos_theta,-sin_theta,cos_z);
}
z -= pattern_pitch_z;
}
}
if ( !index_array )
{
index_array = new int[num_vtx*6];
int *iptr = index_array;
for ( int i = 0; i < pattern_levels - 1; i++ )
{
int vtx_a = pattern_width * ( i & 1 ? i + 1 : i );
int vtx_b = pattern_width * ( i & 1 ? i : i + 1 );
for ( int j = 0; j < pattern_width; j++ )
{
const bool last = j == pattern_width - 1;
*iptr++ = vtx_a; *iptr++ = vtx_b;
vtx_a++; if ( last ) vtx_a -= pattern_width;
*iptr++ = vtx_a; *iptr++ = vtx_a; *iptr++ = vtx_b;
vtx_b++; if ( last ) vtx_b -= pattern_width;
*iptr++ = vtx_b;
}
}
num_indices = iptr - index_array;
}
pError_Check();
glColor3fv( color_gold );
switch ( opt_v_buffering ) {
case 0:
glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT,sizeof(Vertex_Info),&vertex_info[0].nor);
glVertexPointer(3,GL_FLOAT,sizeof(Vertex_Info),&vertex_info[0].pos);
glEnableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY);
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES,num_indices,GL_UNSIGNED_INT,index_array);
glDisableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY);
glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
pError_Check();
num_bytes += ( sizeof(float) * 6 + sizeof(int) ) * num_indices;
break;
case 1:
// Problem 1 solution here (and other places).
break;
case 2:
// Problem 2 solution here (and other places).
break;
default: pError_Msg("Unexpected case.");
}
frame_timer.work_amt_set(num_bytes);
// Insert additional triangle.
//
{
pCoor v0( 1.5, 0, -3.2 );
pCoor v1( 0, 5, -5 );
pCoor v2( 9, 6, -9 );
pVect normal(cross(v0,v1,v2));
glColor3fv( color_purple );
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
glNormal3fv(normal); glVertex3fv(v0);
glNormal3fv(normal); glVertex3fv(v1);
glNormal3fv(normal); glVertex3fv(v2);
glEnd();
}
glColor3f(0,1,0); // This sets the text color. Don't know why.
pError_Check();
frame_timer.frame_end();
glutSwapBuffers();
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
pOpenGL_Helper popengl_helper(argc,argv);
Tube tube(popengl_helper);
popengl_helper.rate_set(30);
popengl_helper.display_cb_set(tube.render_w,&tube);
return 0;
}