/// LSU EE 7700-1 (Sp 2009), Graphics Processors
//
/// Homework 1
/// Due: Friday, 13 February 2009.
// E-mail this file (with solution).
/// Name:
// $Id:$
/// Instructions
// Follow the class account setup instructions linked to the
// class procedures page, http://www.ece.lsu.edu/koppel/gp/proc.html
// For instructions on how to check out edit, compile, and debug, see
// the "Programming Homework Work Flow" entry on the procedures page,
// http://www.ece.lsu.edu/koppel/gp/proc.html.
//
// For those instructions you need to know that:
//
// This assignment is at SVN URI https://svn.ece.lsu.edu/svn/gp/hw/2009/hw1
//
// The assignment instructions are in file hw1.cc. (This file.)
// For the solutions to the problems below edit this file, even if
// it makes more sense to edit others (namely, coord.h). If it seems
// that coord.h must be edited, contact me.
// The main code is in routine render_light.
// The routine sample_code provides examples of the geometry objects.
/// Problem 0
// Fill in your name in the comment near the top of this file, then
// build and run the program. It should display a tube similar to
// demo-4-lighting. Try out the keyboard commands described below and
// promptly resolve any problems, feel free to ask for help from
// Dr. Koppelman or others, especially on issues of missing libraries,
// and other setup problems.
// [ ] Name placed at top of this file.
// [ ] Code compiles and runs.
// [ ] Had fun moving that green thing.
/// Keyboard Commands
/// Eye and Light Location
// Arrows, Page Up, Page Down
// Move either the light or, after Problem 1 solved, the eye.
// After pressing 'l' the keys move the light, after pressing 'e'
// they move the eye (viewer location). The eye and light location
// coordinates are displayed in the upper left. The eye
// location coordinates show what *should* be displayed,
// until Problem 1 is solved that is not what is actually
// displayed (except for the initial view).
/// Eye Direction
// Home, End, Delete, Insert
// Turn the eye direction (after Problem 1 solved).
// Home should rotate eye direction up, End should rotate eye
// down, Delete should rotate eye left, Insert should rotate eye
// right. The eye direction vector is displayed in the upper left,
// until Problem 1 is solved the vector won't match the image.
/// Lighting Options
// d, a, n, +, -
// d: Toggle use of distance in computing vertex lighting.
// a: Toggle use of normal in computing vertex lighting.
// n: Switch between using triangle normal and tube normal.
// +,-: Change intensity of light.
/// Screenshot
// F12
// Pressing F12 will write a png image. The file name base will
// match the executable name, for example, "hw1.png".
/// Problem 1
// Modify the program, in particular the procedure render_light, so
// that the eye location and direction are properly applied. For
// example, pressing 'e' then 'Page Up' should move the viewer towards
// the displayed tube and the up arrow should move the viewer above
// the tube.
// Routine render_light has a pCoor object named eye_location that
// contains the desired eye location, it is updated when the user
// presses eye movement keys. There is also eye_direction which
// contains the desired eye direction. Modify the code in render_light
// so that the displayed image is based on eye_location and
// eye_direction.
// [ ] Eye location keys move viewer.
// [ ] Eye direction keys rotate viewer direction (scene rotates around eye).
// [ ] The code should modify the transformations, not inserted vertices.
// [ ] Modifications should be at appropriate place in rendering pipeline.
/// Problem 2
// Modify the code so that the eye location arrow keys change the
// location relative to the viewer. That is, pressing 'Page Up' will
// move the viewer straight ahead, even if the eye direction is no
// longer [0,0,-1]. (Without this modification 'Page Up' will always
// move the viewer in the -z direction, regardless of eye direction.)
// [ ] Eye location keys move viewer relative to eye direction.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <deque>
#include "frame_buffer.h"
#include "coord.h"
/// Vertex Object
//
// Holds coordinates, color, and normal.
//
class pVertex : public pCoor {
public:
pVertex(float xp, float yp, float zp):pCoor(xp,yp,zp){};
pVertex(float xp, float yp, float zp, uint32_t color):
pCoor(xp,yp,zp){set_color(color);};
pVertex(pCoor c, pVect n, uint32_t color)
:pCoor(c),normal(n){set_color(color);}
pVertex():pCoor(){};
pVertex(pVertex *v){ *this = *v; }
void set_color(uint32_t colorp)
{
color = colorp;
red = float( 0xff & ( color >> 16 ) );
green = float( 0xff & ( color >> 8 ) );
blue = float( 0xff & color );
}
float red, green, blue;
uint32_t color;
pVect normal;
};
void
sample_code()
{
// This routine contains examples of how to use the geometric
// classes such as coordinate, vertex, and matrix. It is not
// supposed to do anything useful.
// For more details on these classes read the code in coord.h.
/// Coordinate Construction
//
pCoor c1(11,22,33); // w is 1 by default.
pCoor c2(1,2,3,0.5); // w is 0.5
pCoor c2b(&c2); // Copy of c2.
pCoor c3(5,1,8);
printf("x component of c1 is %.1f\n",c1.x);
/// Vertex Construction
//
// A vertex is a coordinate that can hold a color and normal.
// Operations on coordinates also work on vertices.
//
pVertex v1(11,22,33); // Vertex at same coordinates as c1.
pVertex v2(2,4,6); // Vertex at same coordinates as c2.
pVertex v3(5,1,8,0xff); // Fourth arg is color, not w.
/// Vector Construction
//
pVect vec(1,2,3); // Construct using x, y, and z components.
pVect vec_12(c1,c2); // Const. using two coords, result is c2 - c1.
pVect vec_21(c2,c1);
pVect vec_23(v2,v3); // Const. using two vertices, result is v3 - v2.
pVect vec_xa(vec_21,vec_23); // Cross product: (c1-c2) x (c3-c2).
pVect vec_xb(c1,c2,c3); // Cross product: (c1-c2) x (c3-c2).
/// Matrix Construction
//
pMatrix m1; m1.a[0][0] = 1; m1.a[0][1] = 0; // Set each element by hand.
pMatrix_Translate trans1(1,2,3); // Translate +1 x, +2 y, +3 z.
pMatrix_Rotation rot1(vec, 1.2); // Rotate around axis VEC by 1.2 radians.
pMatrix_Rotation rot2(vec_12, vec_23); // Rotate vec_12 to vec_23.
/// Coordinate and Vector Operators
//
pVect vec_12b = c2 - c1; // Subtraction of coords yields vector.
pVect vec_12c = v2 - v1; // Coordinate operators work on vertices too.
pCoor c2c = c1 + vec_12b; // Coord + vec yields a coordinate.
pVect vscaled = 5 * vec_12b; // Multiply each element.
/// Matrix Multiplication Operator
//
pCoor cx1 = trans1 * c1; // Use trans1 (above) to transform c1.
pCoor cx2 = trans1 * rot1 * rot2 * c1; // Three matrices and a coord.
pMatrix m = trans1 * rot1 * rot2;
pCoor vx3 = m * c1;
/// Coordinate Member Functions
//
cx1.homogenize(); // Divide all elements by w
cx1.homogenize_keep_w(); // Divide x, y, and z by w. (Be careful.)
/// Vector Member Functions
//
float length_12b = vec_12b.magnitude(); // Length of vector.
float length_12c = vec_12c.normalize(); // Return length, then normalize.
/// Matrix Member Functions.
//
pMatrix m2; // Member functions set matrix to indicated transformation.
m2.set_zero(); m2.set_identity(); m2.set_scale(0.5); m2.set_translate(1,2,3);
m2.set_frustum(1,2,3,4);
m2.transpose();
m2.invert3x3(); // Note: Only inverts 3x3 submatrix.
/// Miscellaneous Functions
//
float d1223a = dot(vec_21,vec_23); // Dot product of vectors.
float d1223b = dot(c1,c2,c3); // Dot product (c1-c2) x (c3-c2).
pVect c1223a = cross(vec_21,vec_23); // Cross product of vectors.
pVect c1223b = cross(c1,c2,c3); // Cross product (c1-c2) x (c3-c2).
float a1223a = pangle(vec_21,vec_23); // Angle between vectors, in [0,pi].
float a1223b = pangle(c1,c2,c3); // Angle between c1 c2 c3, in [0,pi].
pMatrix minv = invert3x3(m); // Invert 3x3 submatrix.
if ( length_12b + length_12c + d1223a + d1223b + a1223a + a1223b == 1111 )
printf("Pacify compiler.\n");
}
/// Vertex List
//
// Declare vertex list types so that many vertices can easily be
// operated on.
//
typedef std::deque<pVertex*> pVertex_List;
typedef pVertex_List::iterator pVertex_Iterator;
/// Vertex Sort
//
// Sort three vertices at vertex list iterator position.
//
class pSortVertices {
public:
pSortVertices(pVertex_Iterator& ci)
{
rv_idx = 0;
for ( int i=0; i<3; i++ ) v[i] = ci[i];
swap(0,1); swap(0,2); swap(1,2);
}
operator pVertex& () { return *v[rv_idx++]; }
private:
void swap(int a, int b)
{
if ( v[a]->y <= v[b]->y ) return;
pVertex* const t = v[a]; v[a] = v[b]; v[b] = t;
}
pVertex* v[3];
int rv_idx;
};
int clampi(float valp, int min, int max)
{
const int val = (int) valp;
if ( val < min ) return min;
if ( val > max ) return max;
return val;
}
/// Interpolation Object
//
// Return x and y values on line connecting two points. Skips
// out-of-range values.
//
// Can be instantiated to advance in +x direction or +y direction.
//
class pInterpolate {
public:
pInterpolate(pVertex& v0, pVertex& v1, int ymin, int ymax)
{ set(v0, v1, ymin, ymax); }
void set(pVertex& v0, pVertex& v1, int ymin, int ymax)
{
const float y_range_inv = 1.0 / ( v1.y - v0.y );
yi_last = ymax < int(v1.y) ? ymax : int(v1.y);
const float pre_y = float(ymin) - v0.y;
const bool scissor = pre_y > 0.0;
yi = scissor ? ymin : int(v0.y);
const float y_range_part_inv = 1.0 / ( v1.y - yi );
#define DELTA(item) \
const float dtrue_##item = (v1.item - v0.item) * y_range_inv; \
item = v0.item + ( scissor ? pre_y * dtrue_##item : 0.0 ); \
d_##item = (v1.item - item) * y_range_part_inv;
DELTA(red); DELTA(green); DELTA(blue); DELTA(x); DELTA(z);
#undef DELTA
}
pInterpolate(pInterpolate& v0, pInterpolate& v1, int xmin, int xmax)
{
pInterpolate& vmin = v0.x < v1.x ? v0 : v1;
pInterpolate& vmax = v0.x < v1.x ? v1 : v0;
const float x_range_inv = 1.0 / ( vmax.x - vmin.x );
xi_last = xmax < int(vmax.x) ? xmax : int(vmax.x);
const float pre_x = float(xmin) - vmin.x;
const bool scissor = pre_x > 0.0;
xi = scissor ? xmin : int(vmin.x);
const float x_range_part_inv = 1.0 / ( vmax.x - xi );
#define DELTA(item) \
const float dtrue_##item = (vmax.item - vmin.item) * x_range_inv; \
item = vmin.item + ( scissor ? pre_x * dtrue_##item : 0.0 ); \
d_##item = (vmax.item - item) * x_range_part_inv;
DELTA(red); DELTA(green); DELTA(blue); DELTA(z);
#undef DELTA
}
bool keep_going_y() { return yi <= yi_last; }
bool keep_going_x() { return xi <= xi_last; }
void advance_y() { advance_common(); x += d_x; yi++; }
void advance_x() { advance_common(); xi++; }
void advance_common()
{
red += d_red; green += d_green; blue += d_blue; z += d_z;
}
uint32_t color()
{
return ( ( clampi(red,0,255) << 0 )
| ( clampi(green,0,255) << 8 )
| ( clampi(blue,0,255) << 16 ) );
}
float d_red, d_green, d_blue, d_x, d_z, red, green, blue, x, z;
int xi, xi_last, yi, yi_last;
};
// Add an unlighted tetrahedron to VTX_LIST at LOC of size SIZE.
//
void
insert_tetrahedron(pVertex_List& vtx_list, pCoor& loc, float size)
{
pCoor v0(loc.x,loc.y,loc.z);
pCoor v1(loc.x,loc.y-size,loc.z+size);
pCoor v2(loc.x-.866*size,loc.y-size,loc.z-0.5*size);
pCoor v3(loc.x+.866*size,loc.y-size,loc.z-0.5*size);
const int32_t c1 = 0x1ffffff, c2 = 0x100ff00;
pVect n;
# define TRI(va,vb,vc) \
n = cross(va,vb,vc); \
vtx_list.push_back( new pVertex(va,n,c1) ); \
vtx_list.push_back( new pVertex(vb,n,c2) ); \
vtx_list.push_back( new pVertex(vc,n,c2) );
TRI(v0,v1,v2); TRI(v0,v2,v3); TRI(v0,v3,v1);
# undef TRI
}
void
render_light(pFrame_Buffer &frame_buffer)
{
// This routine will be called automatically each time the frame
// buffer needs to be painted.
///
/// User and Light Locations
///
static pCoor eye_location(1,0.5,3);
static pVect eye_direction(0,0,-1);
static pCoor light_location(1.4, 0, -2.5 );
static bool opt_move_light = true;
///
/// Light Location and Lighting Options
///
static bool opt_attenuation = true;
static bool opt_v_to_light = true;
static bool opt_triangle_normal = false;
static float opt_light_intensity = 2;
static bool opt_split_triangles = false; // Part of homework 2.
///
/// Adjust options based on user input.
///
pVect adjustment(0,0,0);
pVect user_rot_axis(0,0,0);
switch ( frame_buffer.keyboard_key ) {
case FB_KEY_LEFT: adjustment.x = -0.1; break;
case FB_KEY_RIGHT: adjustment.x = 0.1; break;
case FB_KEY_UP: adjustment.y = 0.1; break;
case FB_KEY_DOWN: adjustment.y = -0.1; break;
case FB_KEY_PAGE_DOWN: adjustment.z = 0.1; break;
case FB_KEY_PAGE_UP: adjustment.z = -0.1; break;
case FB_KEY_DELETE: user_rot_axis.y = 1; break;
case FB_KEY_INSERT: user_rot_axis.y = -1; break;
case FB_KEY_HOME: user_rot_axis.x = 1; break;
case FB_KEY_END: user_rot_axis.x = -1; break;
case '-':case '_': opt_light_intensity *= 0.9; break;
case '+':case '=': opt_light_intensity *= 1.1; break;
case 'd': case 'D': opt_attenuation = !opt_attenuation; break;
case 'a': case 'A': opt_v_to_light = !opt_v_to_light; break;
case 'l': case 'L': opt_move_light = true; break;
case 'n': case 'N': opt_triangle_normal = !opt_triangle_normal; break;
case 'e': case 'E': opt_move_light = false; break;
case 's': case 'S': opt_split_triangles = !opt_split_triangles; break;
default: break;
}
// Update eye_direction based on keyboard command.
//
if ( user_rot_axis.x || user_rot_axis.y )
eye_direction *= pMatrix_Rotation(user_rot_axis, M_PI * 0.03);
// Update eye_location based on keyboard command.
//
if ( adjustment.x || adjustment.y || adjustment.z )
{
if ( opt_move_light ) light_location += adjustment;
else eye_location += adjustment;
}
//
// User Messages (Magically inserted into frame buffer.)
//
frame_buffer.fbprintf
("Lighting : distance - %s, angle - %s, normals - %s "
"('d', 'a', 'n', '+', '-' to change)\n",
opt_attenuation ? "ON" : "OFF", opt_v_to_light ? "ON" : "OFF",
opt_triangle_normal ? "TRIANGLE" : "VERTEX");
frame_buffer.fbprintf
("Eye location: [%.1f, %.1f, %.1f] "
"(%suse arrow and page keys to move).\n",
eye_location.x, eye_location.y, eye_location.z,
opt_move_light ? "press 'e' then " : "" );
frame_buffer.fbprintf
("Light location: [%.1f, %.1f, %.1f] "
"(%suse arrow and page keys to move).\n",
light_location.x, light_location.y, light_location.z,
opt_move_light ? "" : "press 'l' then ");
frame_buffer.fbprintf
("Eye direction: [%.2f, %.2f, %.2f] "
"(use 'Home', 'End', 'Del', 'Insert' keys to turn).\n",
eye_direction.x, eye_direction.y, eye_direction.z);
frame_buffer.fbprintf
("Split triangles %s ('s' to change).\n",
opt_split_triangles ? "ON" : "OFF");
// Instantiate list of vertices.
//
pVertex_List vtx_list;
const uint32_t color_gold = 0xf9b237; // LSU Spirit Gold
const uint32_t color_purple = 0x580da6; // LSU Spirit Purple
// Insert big purple triangle into the vertex list.
//
{
pVertex* const v0 = new pVertex( 1.5, 0, -3.2, color_purple );
pVertex* const v1 = new pVertex( 0, 5, -5, color_purple );
pVertex* const v2 = new pVertex( 9, 6, -9, color_purple );
v0->normal = v1->normal = v2->normal = cross(*v0,*v1,*v2);
vtx_list.push_back( v0 );
vtx_list.push_back( v1 );
vtx_list.push_back( v2 );
}
//
// Insert a tessellated tube into the vertex list.
//
const float r = 2; // Tube radius.
const float x_shift = 0.4; // Tube x offset.
const int pattern_levels = 50; // Tube depth (z direction.)
const float pattern_width = 20; // Triangle size (circumferential).
const float pattern_pitch_z = 0.25; // Triangle size (z axis).
float z = -1;
const uint32_t color = color_gold;
// Outer Loop: z axis (down axis of tube).
//
for ( int i = 0; i < pattern_levels; i++ )
{
const float next_z = z - pattern_pitch_z;
const float last_z = z + pattern_pitch_z;
const float delta_theta = M_PI / pattern_width;
float theta = i & 1 ? delta_theta : 0;
// Inner Loop: around circumference of tube.
//
while ( theta < 4 * M_PI )
{
const float z1 = theta < 2 * M_PI ? next_z : last_z;
pVertex* const v0 =
new pVertex( x_shift + r * cos(theta), r * sin(theta), z, color );
if ( !opt_triangle_normal )
v0->normal = pVect(-cos(theta),-sin(theta),0);
theta += delta_theta;
pVertex* const v1 =
new pVertex( x_shift + r * cos(theta), r * sin(theta), z1, color);
if ( !opt_triangle_normal )
v1->normal = pVect(-cos(theta),-sin(theta),0);
theta += delta_theta;
pVertex* const v2 =
new pVertex( x_shift + r * cos(theta), r * sin(theta), z, color );
if ( !opt_triangle_normal )
v2->normal = pVect(-cos(theta),-sin(theta),0);
if ( opt_triangle_normal )
v0->normal = v1->normal = v2->normal = cross(*v0,*v1,*v2);
vtx_list.push_back( v0 );
vtx_list.push_back( v1 );
vtx_list.push_back( v2 );
}
z = next_z;
}
// Insert light position marker (green tetrahedron) into vertex list.
//
insert_tetrahedron(vtx_list,light_location,0.05);
///
/// Rendering Pipeline Starts Here
///
// Indicate to frame buffer simulator that for purposes of showing
// timing, code above is part of application (included in frame time
// but not render time) and that code below is part of rendering
// pipeline.
//
frame_buffer.render_timing_start();
const int win_width = frame_buffer.get_width();
const int win_height = frame_buffer.get_height();
const int fb_size = win_width * win_height;
int32_t* const f_buffer = frame_buffer.get_buffer();
// Allocate and initialize a z buffer.
// (Note: Allocation only needs be performed when size changes.)
//
float* const z_buffer = (float*) malloc( fb_size * sizeof(*z_buffer) );
for ( int i=0; i<fb_size; i++ ) z_buffer[i] = 1;
///
/// Compute Coordinate Transformations
///
// Compute transformation from object space to eye space.
//
pMatrix_Translate center_eye(-1,-0.5,-3);
pMatrix object_to_eye = center_eye;
// Compute transformation from eye space to window space.
//
const float aspect = float(win_width) / win_height;
pMatrix_Frustum frustum(1.6,1.6/aspect,1,5000);
pMatrix_Translate center_window(1,1,0);
pMatrix_Scale scale(win_width/2,win_height/2);
pMatrix eye_to_window = scale * center_window * frustum;
// Compute matrix needed to transform normals.
//
pMatrix normal_to_eye(object_to_eye);
normal_to_eye.transpose(); normal_to_eye.invert3x3();
///
/// Transform Coordinates and Normals from Object Space to Eye Space
///
for ( pVertex_Iterator ci = vtx_list.begin(); ci < vtx_list.end(); ci++ )
{
pVertex& v = **ci;
v *= object_to_eye;
v.normal *= normal_to_eye;
v.normal.normalize();
v.homogenize();
}
// Convert light location to eye space.
//
pCoor light_location_e = object_to_eye * light_location;
///
/// Apply Lighting to Vertices
///
for ( pVertex_Iterator ci = vtx_list.begin(); ci < vtx_list.end(); ci++ )
{
pVertex& v = **ci;
const bool vertex_no_lighting = v.color & 0x1000000;
if ( vertex_no_lighting ) continue;
// Compute vectors from vertex to light and to viewer.
//
pVect v_to_light(v,light_location_e);
pVect v_to_viewer(v,pCoor(0,0,0));
// Distance from vertex to light.
//
const float length = v_to_light.normalize();
// Lighting coefficients and attenuation with distance.
//
const float k0 = 0.9;
const float k1 = 0.0;
const float k2 = 0.3;
const float attenuation =
!opt_attenuation ? 1.0
: 1.0 / ( k0 + k1 * length + k2 * length * length );
// Projections:
// 1: vertex (normal) is facing light (or viewer).
// 0: vertex (normal) is orthogonal (90 degrees) from light.
// -1: vertex (normal) is facing opposite direction of light.
//
const float dot_v_to_light = dot(v.normal,v_to_light);
const float dot_v_to_viewer = dot(v.normal,v_to_viewer);
// Assume back side (-normal direction) is same color as front.
//
const float v_to_light_scale =
dot_v_to_viewer < 0 ? -dot_v_to_light : dot_v_to_light;
// Combine effect of distance (attenuation) and surface normal
// (v_to_light_scale).
//
const float scale = opt_light_intensity * attenuation
* ( !opt_v_to_light ? 1.0 : v_to_light_scale );
// Convert material property color to lighted color.
//
v.red *= scale; v.green *= scale; v.blue *= scale;
}
///
/// Transform Coordinates from Eye Space to Window Space
///
for ( pVertex_Iterator ci = vtx_list.begin(); ci < vtx_list.end(); ci++ )
{
pVertex& v = **ci;
v *= eye_to_window;
v.homogenize_keep_w();
}
///
/// Rasterize Primitives
///
for ( pVertex_Iterator ci = vtx_list.begin(); ci < vtx_list.end(); ci += 3 )
{
pSortVertices sort(ci); // Sort next 3 items in list.
pVertex& c0w = sort; // Coordinate with smallest y.
pVertex& c1w = sort;
pVertex& c2w = sort; // Coordinate with largest y.
// Reject primitive if at least one vertex behind eye.
// (It would have been better to clip them earlier.)
//
if ( c0w.w <= 0 || c1w.w <= 0 || c2w.w <= 0 ) continue;
// Instantiate interpolation objects.
//
// Each object instantiated with two vertices and a valid
// range of y values. The object will compute x and y along the
// line connecting the vertices, skipping y values < 0 or
// >= win_width.
//
// Interpolation objects also interpolate z and color components.
//
pInterpolate interp_02(c0w,c2w,0,win_height-1);
pInterpolate interp_012(c0w,c1w,0,win_height-1);
// Compute position (index) in frame buffer of first row to be written.
//
int fb_line_idx = interp_02.yi * win_width;
// Outer Loop: Iterate from smallest y to largest y.
//
while ( interp_02.keep_going_y() )
{
// If point c1w reached then switch interp_012 to line
// connecting c1w and c2w.
//
if ( ! interp_012.keep_going_y() )
interp_012.set(c1w,c2w,0,win_height-1);
// Instantiate x-axis interpolation object using the two
// y-axis interpolation objects, interp_02 and interp_012.
// The new object will compute points on the line connecting
// the current position of interp_02 and interp_012.
//
pInterpolate interp_line(interp_02,interp_012,0,win_width-1);
// Inner Loop: Iterate along x axis.
//
while ( interp_line.keep_going_x() )
{
const int fb_idx = fb_line_idx + interp_line.xi;
// If z value to be written is smaller (in front of) z value
// already there then go ahead and write frame buffer.
//
if ( interp_line.z < z_buffer[ fb_idx ] )
{
f_buffer[ fb_idx ] = interp_line.color();
z_buffer[ fb_idx ] = interp_line.z;
}
// Tell interpolation object to advance in x direction.
//
interp_line.advance_x();
}
// Tell interpolation objects to advance in y direction.
//
interp_02.advance_y(); interp_012.advance_y();
// Advance the frame buffer index.
//
fb_line_idx += win_width;
}
}
// A paint routine is no place for a memory leak!
// (And excessive dynamic memory allocation, but this is only a demo.)
//
for ( pVertex_Iterator ci = vtx_list.begin(); ci < vtx_list.end(); ci++ )
delete *ci;
free(z_buffer);
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
pFrame_Buffer frame_buffer(argc,argv);
// Frame buffer object will call render_light routine, where
// most of our work is done, whenever the window needs to be updated,
// including after keyboard key presses.
//
frame_buffer.show(render_light);
return 0;
}