Solution to HW3
1.
a) decimal 12 
   00001100
b) decimal -12
   11110100
c)1100.111
d)0x414e0000

2. 
 Hello,x=1,t=0
 Hello,x=2,t=0
 Hello,x=3,t=0

 Hello,x=1,t=0 
 Hello,x=2,t=1 
 Hello,x=3,t=2
3.
 

module floatconversion(floatori);

input floatori;
real floatori;


integer i,index,realindex,j,jj;
reg  sign; 
reg [7:0] exp;
reg [22:0] realfrac,frac;
reg zero, pos, neg;
reg [5:0] loc;
reg [31:0] a;
real floatori,float,float1; 
    
initial
 begin
    
    float = floatori;
    sign = (float >=0)? 0:1;
    if(sign) float = -float;    
   
    i = float;   
   
    if((i - float) >0 ) i = i - 1;
      
//find position of leading one
    realindex = 0;
    for(index = 31;index>=0;index = index-1)
    begin 
           if(i[index] == 1 && realindex == 0) realindex = index;
  
     end
   
     exp = realindex + 127;        
  
     float = float - i;
     i[0] = 0;
     for(index = 22;index>=0;index = index-1)
     begin
  
         float = float *2;
         i[0] = 0;
         if(float>=1)  begin
           i[0] = 1;
           float = float -1;
         end
         frac[index] = i[0];
          
         
     end           
     
              
  
        j =  realindex - 1;
        jj = 0;      
        for(index = 22;index >=0;index = index -1) begin
         
           
            if(j>=0) begin
             realfrac[index]= i[j];
             j = j- 1;
            end
           else begin
             realfrac[index] =  frac[22-jj];       
             jj = jj+1;           
            end  
       end
   
        

$display("Decimal %f convert to \n %b%b%b\n",floatori,sign,exp,realfrac);
end           

endmodule
 











4.
 
module pop_with_handshaking(p,ready,a,start,clk);
 
   input [31:0] a;
 
   input        start, clk;
 
   output       p, ready;
   reg [5:0]    p;
   reg          ready;
   reg [31:0]   acopy;
 
   initial ready = 1;
   always @( posedge clk )
     begin
        if( start )
          begin
             acopy = a;
             p = 0;
             ready = 0;
          end
        else if( !ready && acopy )
 
          begin
 
             p = p + acopy[0];
 
             acopy = acopy >> 1;
 
          end
 
        else if( !ready && !acopy )
 
          begin
 
             ready = 1;//output is ready,also means the module is
 
                      // ready to accept new input.
 
          end
 
     end
 
 
 
endmodule
 

module stimulus;
 
reg clk;
reg reset;
integer i;
wire [3:0] q;
wire [5:0] p1;
wire ready;
reg  start; 
reg [31:0] a;
 
pop_with_handshaking pp1(p1,ready,a,start,clk);
 
 
 
initial
 
            clk = 1'b0; //set clk to 0
 
always
 
            #1 clk = ~clk; // toggle clk every 1 time units
 
initial
 begin
    
    for(i = 0; i<50 ;i= i+1) 
     begin
       a = i[5:0];
       start = 1;
       #50;
       start = 0;
       if(ready ==0)
   begin
   #50;
    end
    
       $display($time," input a = %b output p = %d",a,p1);
     end  
          
    #1600 $finish;     
   
end
 

 
endmodule



5.
5-1)Explicit is longer
5-2)
   0
   1
5-3)
   1
   x
5-4)
   000000
   001111
5-5)
    0011
    0001